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The income statement is the most popular financial statement in an annual or quarterly report. The income statement includes figures such as revenue, net income and earnings before interest and tax. In essence, an income statement tells the owner how much money a company brought in (its revenues), how much it spent (its expenses), and the difference between the two (its profit/loss), over a specified time. These reports also answer questions related to which product lines contributed to the company's profits as well as how much money the company made or lost on each business location or segment. |
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The balance sheet highlights the financial condition of a company at a single point in time. This is important because while the cash flow and income statements record performance over a period of time, the balance sheet is a snapshot of a particular timeframe. These reports allow owners to determine the value of the company (its assets, liabilities, and equity), showing individual balances for each account. In particular, balance sheets are often used by banks and lending institutions to calculate ratios that determine how much money they will lend for working capital. |
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Cash flow is similar to the income statement in that it records a company's performance over a specified period of time, usually over the quarter or year. The difference between the two is that the income statement also takes into account some non-cash accounting items such as depreciation. The cash-flow statement strips away non cash accounting items such as depreciation and tells the business owner how much actual money the company has generated. Cash flow shows us how the company has performed in managing inflows and outflows of cash and provides a sharper picture of the company's ability to pay bills and creditors, and to finance growth. |
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